- 1. Getting Started
-
2.
First Semester Topics
-
General Chemistry Review
- Introduction
- Electron Configurations of Atoms
- QM Description of Orbitals
- Practice Time - Electron Configurations
- Hybridization
- Closer Look at Hybridization
- Strategy to Determine Hybridization
- Practice Time! - Hybridization
- Formal Charge
- Practice Time - Formal Charge
- Acids-bases
- Practice Time - Acids and Bases
- Hydrogen Bonding is a Verb!
- Progress Pulse
-
Structure and Bonding
- Chemical Intuition
- From Quantum Mechanics to the Blackboard: The Power of Approximations
- Atomic Orbitals
- Electron Configurations of Atoms
- Electron Configurations Tutorial
- Practice Time - Structure and Bonding 1
- Lewis Structures
- Drawing Lewis Structures
- Valence Bond Theory
- Valence Bond Theory Tutorial
- Hybridization
- Polar Covalent Bonds
- Formal Charge
- Practice Time - Structure and Bonding 2
- Curved Arrow Notation
- Resonance
- Electrons behave like waves
- MO Theory Intro
- Structural Representations
- Progress Pulse
-
Acids/Base and Reactions
- Reactions
- Reaction Arrows: What do they mean?
- Thermodynamics of Reactions
- Acids Intro
- Practice Time! Generating a conjugate base.
- Lewis Acids and Bases
- pKa Scale
- Practice Time! pKa's
- Predicting Acid-Base Reactions from pKa
- Structure and Acidity
- Structure and Acidity II
- Practice Time! Structure and Acidity
- Curved Arrows and Reactions
- Nucleophiles
- Electrophiles
- Practice Time! Identifying Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
- Mechanisms and Arrow Pushing
- Practice Time! Mechanisms and Reactions
- Energy Diagrams and Reactions
- Practice Time! - Energy Diagrams
- Progress Pulse
- Introduction to Retrosynthesis
-
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
- Introduction to Hydrocarbons and Alkanes
- Occurrence
- Functional Groups
- Practice Time! Functional Groups.
- Structure of Alkanes - Structure of Methane
- Structure of Alkanes - Structure of Ethane
- Naming Alkanes
- Practice Time! Naming Alkanes
- Alkane Isomers
- Relative Stability of Acyclic Alkanes
- Physical Properties of Alkanes
- Ranking Boiling Point and Solubility of Compounds
- Conformations of Acyclic Alkanes
- Practice Time! Conformations of acyclic alkanes.
- Conformations of Cyclic Alkanes
- Naming Bicyclic Compounds
- Stability of Cycloalkane (Combustion Analysis)
- Degree of Unsaturation
-
Stereochemistry
- Enalapril in ACE
- Constitutional and Stereoisomers
- Chirality or Handedness
- Drawing a Molecules Mirror Image
- Exploring Mirror Image Structures
- Enantiomers
- Drawing Enantiomers
- Practice Time! Drawing Enantiomers
- Identifying Chiral Centers
- Practice Time! Identifying Chiral Molecules
- CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) Priorities
- Determining R/S Configuration
- Diastereomers
- Meso Compounds
- Fischer Projections
- Fischer Projections: Carbohydrates
- Measuring Chiral Purity
- Practice Time! - Determining Chiral Purity and ee
- Chirality and Drugs
- Chiral Synthesis
- Prochirality
- Converting Fischer Projections to Zig-zag Structures
- Practice Time! - Assigning R/S Configurations
-
Alkenes and Addition Reactions
- The Structure of Alkenes
- Alkene Structure - Ethene
- Physical Properties of Alkenes
- Naming Alkenes
- Health Insight - BVO (Brominated Vegetable Oil)
- E/Z and CIP
- Stability of Alkenes
- H-X Addition to Alkenes: Hydrohalogenation
- Practice Time - Hydrohalogenation
- X2 Addition to Alkenes: Halogenation
- HOX addition: Halohydrins
- Practice Time - Halogenation
- Hydroboration/Oxidation of Alkenes: Hydration
- Practice Time - Hydroboration-Oxidation
- Oxymercuration-Reduction: Hydration
- Practice Time - Oxymercuration/Reduction
- Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry
- Calculating Oxidation States of Carbon
- Identifying oxidation and reduction reactions
- Practice Time - Oxidation and Reduction in Organic
- Oxidation
- Reduction
- Capsaicin
-
Alkynes
- Structure of Ethyne (Acetylene)
- Naming Alkynes
- Practice Time! - Naming Alkynes
- Physical Properties of Alkynes
- Preparation of Alkynes
- Practice Time! - Preparation of Alkynes
- H-X Addition to Alkynes
- X2 Addition
- Hydration
- Reduction of Alkynes
- Practice Time! - Addition Reactions of Alkynes
- Oxidative Cleavage of Alkynes
- Alkyne Acidity and Acetylide Anions
- Reactions of Acetylide Anions
- Retrosynthesis Revisted
- Practice Time! - Multistep Synthesis Using Acetylides
-
Alkyl Halides and Alcohol
- Naming Alkyl Halides
- Naming Alcohols
- Classes of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
- Practice Time! - Naming Alkyl Halides
- Practice Time! - Naming Alcohols
- Physical Properties of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
- Structure and Reactivity of Alcohols
- Structure and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides
- Preparation of Alkyl Halides and Tosylates from Alcohols
- Practice Time! - Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
- Preparation of Alkyl Halides from Alkenes; Allylic Bromination
- Strategy for Predicting Products of Allylic Brominations
- Practice Time! - Allylic Bromination
- Substitutions (SN1/SN2) and Eliminations (E1/E2)
- Dienes, Allylic and Benzylic systems
-
General Chemistry Review
-
3.
Second Semester Topics
- Arenes and Aromaticity
-
Reactions of Arenes
- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- EAS-Halogenation
- EAS-Nitration
- Practice Time - Synthesis of Aniline
- EAS-Alkylation
- Practice Time - Friedel Crafts Alkylation
- EAS-Acylation
- Practice Time - Synthesis of Alkyl Arenes
- EAS-Sulfonation
- Practice Time - EAS
- Donation and Withdrawal of Electrons
- Regiochemistry in EAS
- Practice Time - Directing Group Effects
- Synthesizing Disubstituted Benzenes: Effects of Substituents on Rate and Orientation
- Steric Considerations
- Strategies for Synthesizing Disubstituted Benzenes
- NAS - Addition/Elimination
- NAS - Elimination/Addition - Benzyne
- Alcohols and Phenols
-
Ethers and Epoxides
- Intro and Occurrence
- Crown Ethers and Cryptands
- Preparation of Ethers
- Reactions of Ethers
- Practice Time - Ethers
- Preparation of Epoxides
- Reactions of Epoxides - Acidic Ring Opening
- Practice Time - Acidic Ring Opening
- Reactions of Epoxides - Nucleophilic Ring Opening
- Practice Time - Nucleophilic Ring opening
- Application - Epoxidation in Reboxetine Synthesis
- Application - Nucleophilic Epoxide Ring Opening in Crixivan Synthesis
- Physical Properties of Ethers and Epoxides
- Naming Ethers and Epoxides
-
Aldehydes and Ketones
- Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
- Physical Properties of Ketones and Aldehydes
- Practice Time - Naming Aldehydes/Ketones
- Nucleophilic addition
- Addition of Water - Gem Diols
- Practice Time - Hydration of Ketones and Aldehydes
- Addition of Alcohols - Hemiacetals and Acetals
- Acetal Protecting Groups
- Hemiacetals in Carbohydrates
- Practice Time - Hemiacetals and Acetals
- Addition of Amines - Imines
- Addition of Amines - Enamines
- Practice Time - Imines and Enamines
- Application - Imatinab Enamine Synthesis
- Addition of CN - Cyanohydrins
- Practice Time - Cyanohydrins
- Application - Isentress Synthesis
- Addition of Ylides - Wittig Reaction
- Practice Time - Wittig Olefination
- Structure of Ketones and Aldehydes
- Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
- Enols and Enolates
- Condensation Reactions
-
4.
NMR, IR, UV and MS
- Spectroscopy
-
HNMR
- Nuclear Spin
- Interpreting
- Chemical Shift
- Practice Time! - Chemical Shift
- Equivalency
- Indentifying Homotopic, Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons
- Practice Time! - Equivalency
- Intensity of Signals
- Spin Spin Splitting
- Practice Time! - Spin-Spin Splitting
- Primer on ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
- Alkanes
- Alkynes
- Alcohols
- Alkenes
- Coupling in Cis/Trans Alkenes
- Ketones
- HNMR Practice 1
- HNMR Practice 2
- HNMR Practice 3
- HNMR Practice 4
- Exchangeable Protons and Deuterium Exchange
- IR - Infrared Spectroscopy
- UV - Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
- Mass Spectrometry
-
5.
General Chemistry
- General Chemistry Lab
- Strategy for Balancing Chemical Reactions
- Calculator Tips for Chemistry
- Significant Figures
- Practice Time! Significant Figures
- Spreadsheets - Getting Started
- Spreadsheets - Charts and Trend lines
- Standard Deviation
- Standard Deviation Calculations
- Factor Labels
- Practice Time! - Factor Labels
- Limiting Reagent Problem
- Percent Composition
- Molar Mass Calculation
- Average Atomic Mass
- Empirical Formula
- Practice time! Empirical and Molecular Formulae
- Initial Rate Analysis
- Practice Time! Initial Rate Analysis
- Solving Equilibrium Problems with ICE
- Practice Time! Equilibrium ICE Tables
- Le Chatelier's
- Practice Time! Le Chatelier's Principle
- 6. Organic Chemistry Lab
-
7.
Question Of The Day
- 8. Tools and Reference
-
9.
Tutorials
- Reaction Mechanisms (introduction)
- Factor Labels
- Acetylides and Synthesis
- Drawing Cyclohexane Chair Structures
- Drawing Lewis Structures
- Aromaticity Tutorial
- Common Named Aromatics (Crossword Puzzle)
- Functional Groups (Flashcards)
- Characteristic Reactions of Functional Groups
- Alkyl and Alkenyl Groups
- Valence Bond Theory
- Alkane Nomenclature
Clear History
OpenOChem Learn
NMR, IR, UV and MS
IR - Infrared Spectroscopy
Discerning Ortho, Meta and Para substituted Benzenes
Discerning Ortho, Meta and Para substituted Benzenes
| Structure | Overtone Region (1600-2000 cm-1) | Fingerprint Region (cm-1) |
 |
 |
680-720 |
 |
 |
735-770 |
 |
 |
680-725 750-810 |
 |
 |
800-860 |