Health Insight - BVO (Brominated Vegetable Oil)

BVO (brominated vegetable oil) is used in the food industry as an emulsifier. BVO is synthesized by the bromination of oleic acid. Normally the density of a fatty acid is less than that of water, however upon brominating its density increases to about the same as waters density (~1 gm/mL). Becasue BVO is not soluble in water it forms an emulsion and appears cloudy. Typically only a few ppm (parts per million) is required. It's what makes some soda pop appear cloudy. BVO is prohobited in foods in some other countries. The FDA still allows it in foods in the Unites States.

Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a food additive that has been used primarily in citrus-flavored sodas to keep the flavor evenly distributed. It is created by bonding bromine, a chemical element, to vegetable oil. Health concerns associated with BVO stem from the accumulation of bromine in the body, which can lead to several potential adverse effects.

Health Risks of Brominated Vegetable Oil

Thyroid and Hormonal Disruption: Research has shown that BVO can interfere with thyroid hormone production and regulation, leading to potential disruptions in metabolism and brain development. In animal studies, BVO has been linked to increased thyroid size and altered thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.
Neurological Effects: Excessive consumption of BVO has been associated with neurological issues such as memory loss, loss of coordination, and headaches. This is due to the accumulation of bromine triglycerides in body fat and various organs, including the brain.
Organ Damage: BVO has also been linked to liver, kidney, and heart damage in animal studies. These findings suggest that long-term exposure could be harmful to these organs in humans as well.
General Toxicity: High levels of bromine can cause toxicity, leading to symptoms like skin irritation, fatigue, and nausea. Bromine toxicity is generally more associated with occupational exposure but can also occur through high consumption of BVO-containing products.

Regulatory Status and Consumer Advice

The FDA has recently proposed a ban on BVO in food products, citing its potential health risks. Major beverage manufacturers like PepsiCo and Coca-Cola have already removed BVO from most of their products. However, smaller brands and older product batches may still contain it. The FDA’s proposed ban is expected to take full effect in the coming years, but in the meantime, consumers are advised to check ingredient labels and avoid products containing BVO.

Choosing fresh, whole foods and water over citrus sodas and processed beverages can minimize exposure to BVO and other potentially harmful food additives.